The coming of the 21 st century held meaning for most Western societies, serving as an opportunity for broader speculation about what ought to be done to improve the performance of businesses. In the field of management, cycles of boom and bust in Asia had called into question new ways of organizing hailed in the 1980s, and questions and concerns mounted about inadequacies of 20th century views of business firms. The 21 st century comes with dramatic changes and the idea that, to cope with it, managers ought to strategize anew and shape and reshape their firms. To understand what vital developments are actually taking place in the 21st century, managers need to ask the questions; which current conceptions successfully capture these opportunities and threats, and the vital trends in strategizing, organizing, and managing? Or can current conceptions be extended to serve this purpose? Over the past two decades, the world has moved from the C...